Apartheid Urbanism and Architectural Power: A Spatial Survey of Lord Holford’s Durban Planning Proposals through Archival Analysis Part 2 Dissertation 2026 S'busile Mgaga University of Liverpool | UK The topic explored in this paper investigates how apartheid-era spatial planning in Durban, South Africa was shaped by imported British planning ideologies, specifically through the work of Lord Holford, a renowned post-war planner. Drawing on archival materials from the University of Liverpool’s Special Collections, the research explores how urban planning became a tool of racial segregation, and how these spatial logics persist in the post-apartheid landscape.This work aims to contribute to ongoing conversations around architecture’s historical complicity in systemic inequality, the politics of memory and space, and the role of archival research in addressing unresolved legacies.Understanding apartheid planning is not just about the past - it’s about recognising how the built environment continues to reflect power, exclusion, and resistance. Tutor(s) Dr. Iain Jackson